Rollout of Closed-Loop Technology to Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes: Healthcare Professionals' Views About Potential Challenges and Solutions.

Aims: To explore healthcare professionals' views about the training and support needed to rollout closed-loop technology to pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. Methods: We interviewed (n = 19) healthcare professionals who supported pregnant women using CamAPS FX closed-loop during the Automated insulin Delivery Amongst Pregnant women with Type 1 diabetes (AiDAPT) trial. Data were analyzed descriptively. An online workshop involving (n = 15) trial team members was used to inform recommendations. Ethics approvals were obtained in conjunction with those for the wider trial. Results: Interviewees expressed enthusiasm for a national rollout of closed-loop, but anticipated various challenges, some specific to use during pregnancy. These included variations in insulin pump and continuous glucose monitoring expertise and difficulties embedding and retaining key skills, due to the relatively small numbers of pregnant women using closed-loop. Inexperienced staff also highlighted difficulties interpreting data downloads. To support rollout, interviewees recommended providing expert initial advice training, delivered by device manufacturers together with online training resources and specific checklists for different systems. They also highlighted a need for 24 h technical support, especially when supporting technology naive women after first transitioning onto closed-loop in early pregnancy. They further recommended providing case-based meetings and mentorship for inexperienced colleagues, including support interpreting data downloads. Interviewees were optimistic that if healthcare professionals received training and support, their long-term workloads could be reduced because closed-loop lessened women's need for glycemic management input, especially in later pregnancy. Conclusions: Interviewees identified challenges and opportunities to rolling-out closed-loop and provided practical suggestions to upskill inexperienced staff supporting pregnant women using closed-loop. A key priority will be to determine how best to develop mentorship services to support inexperienced staff delivering closed-loop. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT04938557.

Persistent non-visualisation of the fetal stomach: diagnostic and prognostic implications.

DESIGN: All fetuses diagnosed with 'absent stomach' at anomaly screening over an 8-year period were identified using the University College Hospital fetal medicine database. These were cross-referenced with records from the paediatric surgical unit at Great Ormond Street Hospital and pathology department at University College Hospital to ascertain postnatal or postmortem diagnosis and outcome in each case. RESULTS: Of the 84 cases identified, eight were found to have normal stomachs on subsequent antenatal scans, while 76 had persistent non-visualisation of the stomach. Underlying diagnoses included 24 gastro-intestinal tract and/or respiratory anomalies, 22 aneuploidies, six neuromuscular syndromes, three central nervous system anomalies, seven renal anomalies and five genetic syndromes. Seven cases had no identifiable postnatal abnormalities, 26 pregnancies were terminated and nine fetuses died in utero. Of the 33 live births, eight died in the neonatal period and three died in infancy. Only 28 survived into childhood. Two patients were lost to follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent non-visualisation of the fetal stomach in the antenatal period was associated with a wide range of underlying diagnoses. In many cases, prognosis was poor. Only 37% of pregnancies resulted in liveborn infants surviving more than 6 months. The incidence of an abnormal karyotype was 29%. Diagnosis and outcome was normal in only 9.2% of cases. We propose an algorithm for the management of persistent non-visualisation of the fetal stomach on antenatal ultrasound.

A case of lymphoma occurring in an ovarian teratoma.

BACKGROUND: We describe the discovery, by pathology, of a totally unexpected diagnosis involving an ovarian teratoma. CASE: A middle-aged woman underwent routine total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophrectomy for ultrasonically diagnosed uterine fibroids and a coexistent benign right ovarian cyst. The operative findings were of fibroid uterus and right ovarian teratoma. However, pathology revealed a malignant lymphoma occurring in, and arising from, the teratoma. CONCLUSION: The routine removal of a presumed ovarian teratoma may yield unexpected results. Ovarian teratomas are indeed cellular chimeras.